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Maria Theresa specifications

length: 14 ft

beam: 28 ft 8 in.
 
amidships depth: 9 in.

bow height: 23 in.

stern height: 21 in.

weight: 58 lbs.

The canoe’s paper skin was about one eighth of an inch thick. The craft was fitted with a pair of removable steel outriggers, two seven foot spruce oars and a double paddle of similar length. The mast and sail—which proved useless and were soon discarded—weighed six pounds.

Bishop provides other details:

"When I took on board at Philadelphia the canvas deck-cover and the rubber strap which secured it in position, and the outfit—the cushion, sponge, provision-basket, and a fifteen-pound case of charts—I found that, with my own weight included (130 lbs.), the boat and her cargo, all told, provisioned for a long cruise, fell considerably short of the weight of three Saratoga trunks containing a very modest wardrobe for a lady's four weeks' visit at a fashionable watering-place."

 






For the Complete Story of the VOYAGE of THE PAPER CANOE: A GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNEY OF 2500 MILES FROM
QUEBEC TO THE GULF OF MEXICO, DURING THE YEARS 1874-5
BY NATHANIEL H. BISHOP? Click Here.

             Voyage of the Paper Canoe;

a geographical journey of 2500 miles, from Quebec

to the Gulf of Mexico, during the years 1874-5

 

 In the summer of 1874 Nathaniel Holmes Bishop and an assistant set out on a 2,500 mile paddle from Quebec to Florida’s Cedar Keys on the Gulf of Mexico. Some 400 miles into the trip, he swapped his 18-foot wooden canoe for an innovative and much lighter weight paper canoe, designed and constructed by Elisha Waters & Sons of Troy, New York.


The 37-year old outdoorsman, who had already authored a previous trekking tale entitled One Thousand Miles Walk Across South America, dismissed his helper and resumed a solo canoe journey, dedicating his narrative of the trip to the employees of the U.S. Coast Survey Bureau.

The final chapter of the Voyage of the Paper Canoe begins at Lower Mineral Springs on the Suwanee River after a 35-mile portage. Bishop is joined by a party of friends, including Major John Purviance, Commissioner of Suwanee County, who offered to escort the paper canoe down "the river of song."

This is an excerpt from N.H. Bishop’s fascinating journal:


It was nearly ten o'clock A. M. on Friday, March 26th, when our merry party left Old Town hammock. This day was to see the end of the voyage of the paper canoe, for my tiny craft was to arrive at the waters of the great southern sea before midnight. The wife and daughters of our host, like true women of the forest, offered no forebodings at the departure of the head of their household, but wished him, with cheerful looks, a pleasant voyage to the Gulf. The gulf port of Cedar Keys is but a few miles from the mouth of the Suwanee River. The railroad which terminates at Cedar Keys would, with its connection with other routes, carry the members of our party to their several homes.

The bright day animated our spirits, as we swept swiftly down the river. The party in the shad-rowed merrily on with song and laughter, while I made an attempt to examine more closely the character of the water-moccasin -- the Trigono cephaluspiscivorus of Lacepede, -- which I had more cause to fear than the alligators of the river. The water moccasin is about two feet in length, and has a circumference of five or six inches. The tail possesses a horny point about half an inch in length, which is harmless, though the Crackers and Negroes stoutly affirm that when it strikes a tree the tree withers and dies, and when it enters the flesh of a man he is poisoned unto death.

The color of the reptile is a dirty brown. Never found far from water, it is common in the swamps, and is the terror of the rice-field Negroes. The bite of the water moccasin is exceedingly venomous, and is considered more poisonous than that of the rattlesnake, which warns man of his approach by sounding his rattle.

The moccasin does not, like the rattlesnake, wait to be attacked, but assumes the offensive whenever opportunity offers, striking with its fangs at every animated object in its vicinity. All other species of snakes flee from its presence. It is found as far north as the Peedee River of South Carolina, and is abundant in all low districts of the southern states. As the Suwanee had overflowed its banks below Old Town Hammock, the snakes had taken to the low limbs of the trees and to the tops of bushes, where they seemed to be sleeping in the warmth of the bright sunlight; but as I glided along the shore a few feet from their aerial beds, they discovered my presence, and dropped sluggishly into the water. It would not be an exaggeration to say that we passed thousands of these dangerous reptiles while descending the Suwanee. Raftsmen told me that when traversing lagoons in their log canoes, if a moccasin is met some distance from land he will frequently enter the canoe for refuge or for rest, and instances have been known where the occupant has been so alarmed as to jump overboard and swim ashore in order to escape from this malignant reptile. 

The only place worthy of notice between Old Town Hammock and the gulf marshes is Clay Landing, on the left bank of the river, where Mrs. Tresper formerly lived in a very comfortable house. Clay Landing was used during the Confederate war as a place of deposit for blockade goods. Archer, a railroad station, is but twenty miles distant, and to it over rough roads the contraband imports were hauled by mule teams, after having been landed from the fleet blockade-runner.

After darkness had cast its sombre mantle upon us, we left the "East Pass" entrance to the left, and our boats hurried on the rapidly ebbing tide down the broad "West Pass" into the great marshes of the coast. An hour later we emerged from the dark forest into the smooth savannas.

The freshness of the sea-air was exhilarating The stars were shining softly, and the ripple of the tide, the call of the heron, or the whirr of the frightened duck, and the leaping of fishes from the water, were the only sounds nature offered us. It was like entering another world. In these lowlands, near the mouth of the river, there seemed to be but one place above the high-tide level. It was a little hammock, covered by a few trees, called Bradford's Island, and rose like an oasis in the desert.

The swift tide hurried along its shores, and a little farther on mingled the waters of the great wilderness with that of the sea. Our tired party landed on a shelly beach, and burned a grassy area to destroy sand fleas. This done, some built a large campfire, while others spread blankets upon the ground. I drew the faithful sharer of my long voyage near a thicket of prickly-pears, and slept beside it for the last time, never thinking or dreaming that one year later I should approach the mouth of the Suwanee from the west, after a long voyage of twenty-five hundred miles from the bead of the Ohio River, and would again seek shelter on its banks. It was a night of sweet repose. The Camp-fire dissipated the damps, and the long row made rest welcome A glorious morning broke upon our party as we breakfasted under the shady palms of the island.

Clouds of mist were rising, and while I watched them melt away in the warm beams of the morning sun, I thought they were like the dark doubts which curled themselves about me so long ago in the cold St. Lawrence, now all melted by the joy of success. The snow-clad north was now behind me. The Maria Theresa danced in the shimmering waters of the great southern sea, and my heart was light, for my voyage was over.


"She's the dog-gonedest thing I ever seed, and jist as putty as a new coffin!"  - A river raftsman admiring the Maria Teresa’s beautiful finish.

After the journey

In 1929, 54-years after H.L. Bishop completed his voyages, Cedar Keys was designated a National Wildlife Refuge in an effort to protect the breeding grounds of migratory birds being slaughtered for their prized feathers.

After almost the same length of time, in 1972, Congress enacted further protection to the refuge, by designating four of the original refuge islands as National Wilderness Areas under the Wilderness Act. Today, the refuge is comprised of 13 islands ranging in size from 1 to 120 acres and totaling 762 acres.

GPS: 29.12830100, -83.08345580